Hermann’s Tortoise Care Sheet
Overview
Hermann’s tortoises are small, hardy terrestrial reptiles native to southern Europe. Known for their charming personalities and distinctive domed shells with bold patterns, they are a popular choice for experienced reptile keepers. Although hardy, they are not low-maintenance pets—no animal is. Hermann’s tortoises have very specific dietary and environmental requirements that must be met to ensure their long-term health. They require spacious, open enclosures with access to UVB lighting, proper heat gradients, and a varied, high-fiber diet. These tortoises are diurnal and terrestrial, enjoying ample space to explore, dig, and bask. While they can tolerate occasional gentle handling, they thrive best with minimal disruption and a carefully curated environment. With the right care, Hermann’s tortoises are engaging and long-lived companions that offer decades of joy.
Species averages:
Habitat Parameters
Housing recommendations
Hermann’s tortoises require a secure, spacious, and well-lit habitat to thrive. Outdoor pens with access to natural sunlight are ideal when temperatures are appropriate, but indoor setups must include strong UVB lighting and heating. Enclosures should be at least 4 ft x 2 ft with solid sides to prevent escapes.
Use a substrate blend such as organic topsoil, coconut coir, and play sand, which allows for burrowing and maintains humidity. Avoid using pine or cedar shavings, as they can be toxic. A shallow water dish should always be available for soaking and hydration.
Maintain daytime temperatures of 75–85°F with a basking area reaching 90–95°F. Night temperatures can drop safely to 65°F. Humidity should be kept around 40–60%, with daily misting or soaking for young tortoises to prevent dehydration and promote healthy shell growth.
Use a T5HO linear UVB bulb to provide full-spectrum lighting, essential for vitamin D3 synthesis and calcium metabolism. Replace bulbs every 6–12 months as output diminishes even if the light appears functional.
Feeding
Hermann’s tortoises are herbivores and require a diet high in fiber and low in protein. Offer fresh greens daily and ensure access to calcium-rich plants. Limit fruits and high-protein vegetables.
Supplementation
Hermann’s tortoises need supplemental calcium to support healthy shell and bone growth, especially when raised indoors. Because their diet in captivity may not reflect the nutrient diversity of wild foraging, supplementation is critical.
Special considerations
Handling
Hermann’s tortoises are generally tolerant of brief handling but should not be treated like interactive pets. They do best with minimal stress and consistent routines. Always support the full body and avoid excessive handling, as stress can impact feeding and immunity.
Hydration
While they derive much moisture from their food, Hermann’s tortoises benefit from regular access to clean water. Provide a shallow dish that allows soaking without risk of drowning. Hatchlings and juveniles should be soaked in lukewarm water 3–4 times weekly for 15–20 minutes.
Outdoor housing
When temperatures permit, outdoor enclosures offer optimal health benefits through natural sunlight and increased exercise. These should be predator-proof, escape-proof, and include shaded, moist hide areas. Supervise during high heat or rainy weather.
Hibernation
Depending on origin and health status, Hermann’s tortoises may brumate (hibernate) during winter months. This should only be done under guidance from an experienced vet, as improper brumation can lead to serious health issues. Tortoises must be healthy and at a proper weight before beginning this seasonal cycle.
Common Health Concerns in Hermann’s Tortoises
Below are some of the most common medical issues seen in Hermann’s tortoises. Early detection is key to successful treatment and long-term health.
Pyramiding
Signs: Raised, bumpy scutes on the shell
Causes: Poor humidity, low fiber diet, lack of calcium or UVB exposure
Respiratory Infections
Signs: Wheezing, nasal discharge, open-mouth breathing
Causes: Drafts, low temperatures, poor hygiene
Shell Rot
Signs: Soft spots, foul odor, discharge from the shell
Causes: Constant moisture, unclean habitat, trauma
Vitamin Deficiencies
Signs: Swollen eyes, lethargy, poor appetite
Causes: Inadequate diet, lack of supplementation
Parasites
Signs: Weight loss, abnormal feces, lethargy
Causes: Contaminated substrate or food, wild-foraged items
These are all concerns we can help with via telemedicine. If you suspect your Hermann’s tortoise may be showing any of the signs above, book an appointment at swiftailvet.com for expert exotic pet care from the comfort of your home.
Disclaimer
At Swiftail Vet, we strive to provide accurate, up-to-date information based on current best practices in exotic pet care. However, husbandry standards can evolve quickly. If you notice any outdated or incorrect information on this care sheet, please let us know by emailing info@swiftailvet.com or using the contact form on our website at swiftailvet.com. Your feedback helps us ensure the highest quality resources for pet owners and their companions.
Written by: Wintergreen Vet Services
March, 18, 2025
